Turtle Graphics

This is a very basic implementation of turtle graphics in JavaScript with JSXGraph. Here, we use SVG (on Firefox, Safari, Opera and Chrome) and VML (on Internet Explorer). CanvasTurtle does the same on browsers which support the canvas element.

List of available commands

There is a predefined turtle object t. Therefore, all commands start with t, like t.fd(100);

• t.forward(len); or t.fd(len);
• t.back(len); or t.bk(len);
• t.right(angle); or t.rt(angle); ([math]\displaystyle{ 0\leq angle \leq 360 }[/math])
• t.left(angle); or t.lt(angle);
• t.penUp(); or t.pu();
• t.penDown(); or t.pd();
• t.clearScreen(); or t.cs();
• t.clean();
• t.setPos(x,y);
• t.home();
• t.hideTurtle(); or t.ht();
• t.showTurtle(); or t.st();
• t.setPenSize(size); (size: number)
• t.setPenColor(col); (col: colorString, e.g. 'red' or '#ff0000')

Snowflake and Branches Example

function side(size, level) { if (level==0) { t.fd(size); return; } side(size/3, level-1); t.lt(60); side(size/3, level-1); t.rt(120); side(size/3, level-1); t.lt(60); side(size/3, level-1); } function snowflake(size, level) { (3).times(function() { side(size, level); t.rt(120); }); } t.clearScreen(); t.hideTurtle(); t.setPenSize(1) t.setPenColor("#000000") t.lt(30); t.setPos(0,-100); snowflake(250, 4); function branch(length, level) { if(level == 0) return t.fd(length) t.lt(45) branch(length/2, level-1) t.rt(90) branch(length/2, level-1) t.lt(45) t.bk(length) } function lbranch(length, angle, level) { t.fd(2*length) node(length, angle, level) t.bk(2*length) } function rbranch(length, angle, level) { t.fd(length) node(length, angle, level) t.bk(length) } function node(length, angle, level) { if (level == 0) return; t.lt(angle) lbranch(length, angle, level -1) t.rt(2*angle) rbranch(length, angle, level-1) t.lt(angle) } t.clearScreen() t.hideTurtle(); //branch(100,6) t.setPenSize(5) t.setPenColor("#008800") t.setPos(30, -150) lbranch(25, 20, 7)

References

• The snowflake and branches example have been adapted from the excellent CanvasTurtle

The turtle graphics code

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/distrib/jsxgraph.css" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/distrib/prototype.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/distrib/jsxgraphcore.js"></script>
<div id="box" class="jxgbox" style="width:600px; height:600px;"></div>

            var turtleObj = function(board,attributes) {
                this.turtleIsHidden = false;
                this.board = board;
                if (attributes==null) {
                    this.attributes = {
                        strokeColor:'#000000'
                    };
                } else {
                    this.attributes = attributes;
                }
                this.attributes.straightFirst = false;
                this.attributes.straightLast = false;
                this.init();
            };

            turtleObj.prototype.init = function() {
                this.pos = [0,0];
                this.isPenDown = true;
                this.dir = 90;
                this.attributes.curveType = 'plot';
                this.curve = this.board.createElement('curve',
                       [[this.pos[0]],[this.pos[1]]],this.attributes);

                this.turtle = this.board.createElement('point',this.pos,{fixed:true,name:' ',visible:false});
                this.turtle2 = this.board.createElement('point',[this.pos[0],this.pos[1]+20],{fixed:true,name:' ',visible:false});
                this.arrow = this.board.createElement('line',[this.turtle,this.turtle2],
                        {lastArrow:true,strokeColor:'#ff0000',straightFirst:false,straightLast:false});
            }

            turtleObj.prototype.forward = function(len) {
                if (len==0) { return; }
                var dx = -len*Math.cos(this.dir*Math.PI/180.0);
                var dy = len*Math.sin(this.dir*Math.PI/180.0);
                if (!this.turtleIsHidden) {
                    var t = this.board.createElement('transform', [dx,dy], {type:'translate'});
                    t.applyOnce(this.turtle);
                    t.applyOnce(this.turtle2);
                }
                if (this.isPenDown) if (this.curve.dataX.length>=8192) {
                    // IE workaround
                    this.curve = this.board.createElement('curve',
                           [[this.pos[0]],[this.pos[1]]],this.attributes);
                }
                this.pos[0] += dx;
                this.pos[1] += dy;
                if (this.isPenDown) {
                    this.curve.dataX.push(this.pos[0]);
                    this.curve.dataY.push(this.pos[1]);
                }
            };
            
            turtleObj.prototype.back = function(len) {
                this.forward(-len);
            }
            
            turtleObj.prototype.right = function(angle) {
                this.dir += angle;
                if (!this.turtleIsHidden) {
                    var t = this.board.createElement('transform', [-angle*Math.PI/180.0,this.turtle], {type:'rotate'});
                    t.applyOnce(this.turtle2);
                }
            }
            
            turtleObj.prototype.left = function(angle) {
                this.right(-angle);
            }
            
            turtleObj.prototype.penUp = function() {
                this.isPenDown = false;
            }
            
            turtleObj.prototype.penDown = function() {
                this.isPenDown = true;
                this.curve = this.board.createElement('curve',
                               [[this.pos[0]],[this.pos[1]]],this.attributes);
            }

            turtleObj.prototype.clean = function() {
                for(var el in this.board.objects) {
                    this.board.removeObject(el);
                }
                this.init();
            }

            turtleObj.prototype.setPos = function(x,y) {
                this.pos = [x,y];
                if (!this.turtleIsHidden) {
                    this.turtle.setPositionDirectly(JXG.COORDS_BY_USER,x,y);
                    this.turtle2.setPositionDirectly(JXG.COORDS_BY_USER,x,y+20);
                    var t = this.board.createElement('transform', 
                          [-(this.dir-90)*Math.PI/180.0,this.turtle], {type:'rotate'});
                    t.applyOnce(this.turtle2);
                }
                this.curve = this.board.createElement('curve',
                               [[this.pos[0]],[this.pos[1]]],this.attributes);
            }

            turtleObj.prototype.setPenSize = function(size) { 
                this.attributes.strokeWidth = size; 
                this.curve = this.board.createElement('curve',
                               [[this.pos[0]],[this.pos[1]]],this.attributes);
            };

            turtleObj.prototype.setPenColor = function(colStr) { 
                this.attributes.strokeColor = colStr; 
                this.curve = this.board.createElement('curve',
                               [[this.pos[0]],[this.pos[1]]],this.attributes);
            };

            turtleObj.prototype.showTurtle = function() { 
                this.turtleIsHidden = false; 
                this.arrow.setProperty('visible:true');
                this.setPos(this.pos[0],this.pos[1]);
            };

            turtleObj.prototype.hideTurtle = function() { 
                this.turtleIsHidden = true;
                this.arrow.setProperty('visible:false');
                this.setPos(this.pos[0],this.pos[1]);
            };

            turtleObj.prototype.home= function() { 
                this.pos = [0,0];
                this.setPos(this.pos[0],this.pos[1]);
            };

            turtleObj.prototype.fd = function(len) { this.forward(len); };
            turtleObj.prototype.bk = function(len) { this.back(len); };
            turtleObj.prototype.lt = function(angle) { this.left(angle); };
            turtleObj.prototype.rt = function(angle) { this.right(angle); };
            turtleObj.prototype.pu = function() { this.penUp(); };
            turtleObj.prototype.pd = function() { this.penDown(); };
            turtleObj.prototype.ht = function() { this.hideTurtle(); };
            turtleObj.prototype.st = function() { this.showTurtle(); };
            turtleObj.prototype.cs = function() { this.clean(); };

            var brd = JXG.JSXGraph.initBoard('box', {originX: 300, originY: 300, unitX: 1, unitY: 1});
            var t = new turtleObj(brd);

function run(nr) {
  brd.suspendUpdate();
  eval($('input'+nr).value);
  brd.unsuspendUpdate();
}