Lindenmayer Systems
A Lindenmayer System consists of
an initial string called axiom
a set of rewriting rules
This is an experimental page, where the Lindenmayer Systems can be changed online.
For each system a maximum level is defined. If this value is increased, the complexity of the drawing rises and running time increases, too.
Most of the examples are from the book by Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz and James Hanan: Lindenmayer Systems, Fractals, and Plants
, see the References.
Sierpinski curve
Quadratic snowflake variation
var level = 5;
var axiom = '+F';
var rules = {
'F':'F-F+F+F-F',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 90;
var len = 500/Math.pow(3,level);
t.setPos(250,0);
Dragon curve
var level = 8;
var axiom = 'Fl';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F',
'l' : 'l+rF+',
'r' : '-Fl-r',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'l':' ',
'r':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 90;
var len = 500/(level*level);
Islands and lakes
var level = 2;
var axiom = 'F-F-F-F';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F-f+FF-F-FF-Ff-FF+f-FF+F+FF+Ff+FFF',
'f' : 'ffffff',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'f':'f',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 90;
var len = 20/Math.pow(2,level);
Peano curve
var level = 4;
var axiom = 'X';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F',
'X' : 'XFYFX+F+YFXFY-F-XFYFX',
'Y' : 'YFXFY-F-XFYFX+F+YFXFY',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'X':' ',
'Y':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 90;
var len = 500/Math.pow(3,level);
t.setPos(250,-250);
Hexagonal Gosper curve
var level = 3;
var axiom = 'XF';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F',
'X' : 'X+YF++YF-FX--FXFX-YF+',
'Y' : '-FX+YFYF++YF+FX--FX-Y',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'X':' ',
'Y':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 60;
var len = 500/Math.pow(3,level);
t.setPos(250,0);
Plant 1
var level = 3;
var axiom = 'F';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F[+F]F[-F]F',
'[' : '[',
']' : ']',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 25.7;
var len = 500/Math.pow(3,level);
t.setPos(0,-250);
var shrink = 1.0;
t.setProperty({strokeColor:'green',strokeWidth:2});
Plant 2
var level = 4;
var axiom = 'X';
var rules = {
'F' : 'FF',
'X' : 'F-[[X]+X]+F[+FX]-X',
'[' : '[',
']' : ']',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'X':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 22.5;
var len = 800/Math.pow(3,level);
t.setPos(0,-250);
t.setProperty({strokeColor:'green',strokeWidth:2});
Hexagonal kolam
var level = 4;
var axiom = 'X';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F',
'X' : '[-F+F[Y]+F][+F-F[X]-F]',
'Y' : '[-F+F[Y]+F][+F-F-F]',
'[' : '[',
']' : ']',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'X':' ',
'Y':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 60;
var len = 300/(level);
t.setPos(0,-250);
Mango kolam
var level = 5;
var axiom = 'A---A';
var rules = {
'F' : 'F',
'f' : 'f',
'A' : 'f-F+Z+F-fA',
'Z' : 'F-FF-F--[--Z]F-FF-F--F-FF-F--',
'[' : '[',
']' : ']',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-'
};
var symbols = { 'F':'F',
'f':'f',
'A':' ',
'Z':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
} ;
var angle = 60;
var len = 100/(level);
Penrose tiling
var level = 2;
var axiom = '[7]++[7]++[7]++[7]++[7]';
var rules = {
'6' : '81++91----71[-81----61]++',
'7' : '+81--91[---61--71]+',
'8' : '-61++71[+++81++91]-',
'9' : '--81++++61[+91++++71]--71',
'1' : '',
'+' : '+',
'-' : '-',
'[' : '[',
']' : ']'
};
var symbols = {
'1':'F',
'6':' ',
'7':' ',
'8':' ',
'9':' ',
'+':'+',
'-':'-',
'[':'[',
']':']'
};
var angle = 36.0;
var len = 100/(level);
t.setProperty({fillcolor:'#abff00'});
References